Cookies on this website

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Accept all cookies' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. If you click 'Reject all non-essential cookies' only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click 'Find out more' for information on how to change your cookie settings.

SIGNIFICANCE: The regulation of myocardial function by constitutive nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is important for the maintenance of myocardial Ca(2+) homeostasis, relaxation and distensibility, and protection from arrhythmia and abnormal stress stimuli. However, sustained insults such as diabetes, hypertension, hemodynamic overload, and atrial fibrillation lead to dysfunctional NOS activity with superoxide produced instead of NO and worse pathophysiology. RECENT ADVANCES: Major strides in understanding the role of normal and abnormal constitutive NOS in the heart have revealed molecular targets by which NO modulates myocyte function and morphology, the role and nature of post-translational modifications of NOS, and factors controlling nitroso-redox balance. Localized and differential signaling from NOS1 (neuronal) versus NOS3 (endothelial) isoforms are being identified, as are methods to restore NOS function in heart disease. CRITICAL ISSUES: Abnormal NOS signaling plays a key role in many cardiac disorders, while targeted modulation may potentially reverse this pathogenic source of oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Improvements in the clinical translation of potent modulators of NOS function/dysfunction may ultimately provide a powerful new treatment for many hearts diseases that are fueled by nitroso-redox imbalance.

Original publication

DOI

10.1089/ars.2012.4824

Type

Other

Publication Date

20/03/2013

Volume

18

Pages

1078 - 1099

Keywords

Animals, Arginase, Autocrine Communication, Biopterin, Calcium Signaling, Cyclic GMP, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Progression, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Induction, Heart Diseases, Heart Failure, Humans, Hypertension, Myocardium, Myocytes, Cardiac, Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Paracrine Communication, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein Transport, Signal Transduction, Superoxides