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PURPOSE: Conventional allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) after a prior failed autograft is associated with a transplant-related mortality rate of 50% to 80%. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sibling, HLA-matched, nonmyeloablative allogeneic SCT with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in patients with lymphoid malignancy after failure of autologous SCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 38 patients with refractory, progressive, or relapsed disease after autologous SCT were entered onto this study. The conditioning regimen consisted of the humanized monoclonal antibody CAMPATH-1H, fludarabine, and melphalan. Fifteen of 35 assessable patients received DLI after SCT. RESULTS: Sustained neutrophil engraftment was achieved in 37 recipients, and platelet engraftment was achieved in 35 patients. The estimated transplant-related mortality was 7.9% at day 100 and 20% at 14 months, the median duration of follow-up. Eight patients experienced grade I/II acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation, but no grade III/IV GVHD was observed in this setting. However, grade III/IV GVHD occurred in seven patients who received DLI. The actuarial overall survival at 14 months was 53%, with a progression-free survival of 50%. DLI produced a further response in three of 15 recipients. CONCLUSION: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic SCT after CAMPATH-1H-containing conditioning is a relatively safe option compared with conventional allogeneic transplantation for patients who have failed previous autologous SCT. The low incidence of early GVHD enabled the subsequent administration of DLI to improve further clinical responses in this poor-risk group of lymphoma and myeloma patients.

Original publication

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2002.11.088

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Clin Oncol

Publication Date

01/10/2002

Volume

20

Pages

4022 - 4031

Keywords

Adult, Female, Graft vs Host Disease, Hematologic Neoplasms, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Lymphocyte Transfusion, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Transplantation Chimera, Transplantation Conditioning, Transplantation, Autologous, Transplantation, Homologous, Treatment Outcome