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Objective- A large number of genetic loci have been associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) through genome-wide association studies, however, for most loci the underlying biological mechanism is unknown. Determining the molecular pathways and cellular processes affected by these loci will provide new insights into CAD pathophysiology and may lead to new therapies. The CAD-associated variants at 10p11.23 fall in JCAD, which encodes an endothelial junction protein, however, its molecular function in endothelial cells is not known. In this study, we characterize the molecular role of JCAD (junctional cadherin 5 associated) in endothelial cells. Approach and Results- We show that JCAD knockdown in endothelial cells affects key phenotypes related to atherosclerosis including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, tube formation, and monocyte binding. We demonstrate that JCAD interacts with LATS2 (large tumor suppressor kinase 2) and negatively regulates Hippo signaling leading to increased activity of YAP (yes-associated protein), the transcriptional effector of the pathway. We also show by double siRNA knockdown that the phenotypes caused by JCAD knockdown require LATS2 and that JCAD is involved in transmission of RhoA-mediated signals into the Hippo pathway. In human tissues, we find that the CAD-associated lead variant, rs2487928, is associated with expression of JCAD in arteries, including atherosclerotic arteries. Gene co-expression analyses across disease-relevant tissues corroborate our phenotypic findings and support the link between JCAD and Hippo signaling. Conclusions- Our results show that JCAD negatively regulates Hippo signaling in endothelial cells and we suggest that JCAD contributes to atherosclerosis by mediating YAP activity and contributing to endothelial dysfunction.

Original publication

DOI

10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.310976

Type

Journal article

Journal

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol

Publication Date

08/2018

Volume

38

Pages

1711 - 1722

Keywords

apoptosis, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, endothelium, phenotype, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Apoptosis, Cell Adhesion, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cell Movement, Cell Proliferation, Coculture Techniques, Coronary Artery Disease, HEK293 Cells, Hippo Signaling Pathway, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Monocytes, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Phenotype, Phosphoproteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Signal Transduction, THP-1 Cells, Transcription Factors, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, YAP-Signaling Proteins, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein