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We report the results of a Phase I/II dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of cyclophosphamide when combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory myeloma. Thirty-one patients were enrolled in cohorts of 3, at five dose levels of cyclophosphamide to a maximum of 700 mg on days 1 and 8 of a 28-d cycle. Patients received lenalidomide 25 mg days 1-21 and dexamethasone 20 mg orally days 1-4 and 8-11. The MTD was 600 mg cyclophosphamide, days 1 and 8. Grade 3/4 haematological complications occurred in 26% of patients, grade 3/4 infection in 3% (both at 700 mg cyclophosphamide), with thromboembolic complications in 6% of patients. Overall complete response (CR) rate was 29%, very good partial response rate 7% and partial response rate 45% giving an overall response rate of 81%. After 21 months median follow-up, projected 2-year progression-free survival was 56%, with 80% overall survival at 30 months. Ten further patients were treated at MTD with a 40% CR rate. No dose reductions for any study drugs or deaths occurred during cycles 1-9. Lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone is a safe, effective combination in relapsed myeloma inducing a high response rate, warranting further investigation in phase III trials.

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08250.x

Type

Journal article

Journal

Br J Haematol

Publication Date

08/2010

Volume

150

Pages

326 - 333

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Lenalidomide, Male, Maximum Tolerated Dose, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Survival Analysis, Thalidomide, Treatment Outcome