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Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions between self-renewal and commitment toward differentiation are tightly regulated in vivo. Recent developments in HSC culture and improvements of human HSC assays have facilitated studies of these processes in vitro. Through such studies stimulatory cytokines critically involved in HSC maintenance in vivo have been demonstrated to also promote HSC self-renewing divisions in vitro. Evidence for negative regulators of HSC self-renewal is, however, lacking. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), if overexpressed, has been implicated to mediate bone marrow suppression. However, whether and how TNF might affect the function of HSC with a combined myeloid and lymphoid reconstitution potential has not been investigated. In the present studies in vitro conditions recently demonstrated to promote HSC self-renewing divisions in vitro were used to study the effect of TNF on human HSCs capable of reconstituting myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice. Although all cord blood and adult bone marrow CD34(+)CD38(-) cells were capable of undergoing cell divisions in the presence of TNF, cycling HSCs exposed to TNF in vitro and in vivo were severely compromised in their ability to reconstitute NOD-SCID mice and long-term cultures. The negative effect of TNF was not dependent on the Fas pathway, and a similar effect could be observed using a mutant TNF exclusively targeting the p55 TNF receptor. TNF did not appear to enhance apoptosis or affect cell-cycle distribution of cultured progenitors, but rather promoted myeloid differentiation. Thus, TNF might regulate HSC fate by promoting their differentiation rather than self-renewal.

Original publication

DOI

10.1182/blood.v98.6.1782

Type

Journal article

Journal

Blood

Publication Date

15/09/2001

Volume

98

Pages

1782 - 1791

Keywords

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1, Animals, Antigens, CD, Antigens, CD34, Antigens, Differentiation, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Fetal Blood, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Jurkat Cells, Leukopoiesis, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Mice, Inbred NOD, Mice, SCID, NAD+ Nucleosidase, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, fas Receptor