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The relationship between tail (or wing) beat frequency (f(tail)), amplitude (A) and forward velocity (U) in animals using oscillatory propulsion, when moving at a constant cruising speed, converges upon an optimum range of the Strouhal number (St = f(tail) · A/U). Previous work, based on observational data and supported by theory, shows St falling within the broad optimum range (0.2

Original publication

DOI

10.1242/jeb.102236

Type

Journal article

Journal

The Journal of experimental biology

Publication Date

07/2014

Volume

217

Pages

2244 - 2249

Addresses

Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK robert.nudds@manchester.ac.uk.

Keywords

Animals, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Temperature, Swimming, Female, Biomechanical Phenomena