Cookies on this website

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Accept all cookies' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. If you click 'Reject all non-essential cookies' only necessary cookies providing core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility will be enabled. Click 'Find out more' for information on how to change your cookie settings.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultrarare paraneoplastic syndrome due to overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), with profound effects on the morbidity of the patients affected. TIO is an underdiagnosed disease, whose awareness should be increased among physicians, for timely and proper management of the patients. Symptoms reported by patients with TIO are usually nonspecific thus rendering the diagnosis elusive, with an initial misdiagnosis rate of >95%. Biochemical features of TIO are represented by hypophosphatemia, increased or inappropriately normal levels of FGF23 and low to low normal circulating 1,25(OH)2D. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are the pathological entities underlying TIO in most affected patients. There is now evidence that FN1-FGFR1 and FN1-FGF1 fusion genes are present in about half of tumors causing this paraneoplastic syndrome. Tumors causing TIO are often of small size and grow slowly. They can occur in all parts of the body from head to toe with similar prevalence in soft tissue and bone. There are a number of functional and anatomical imaging techniques utilized for tumor localization; 68Ga DOTA based technologies have the better sensitivity. Surgery is the treatment of choice; several medical treatments are now available in case of inability to locate the tumor or in case of incomplete excision.

Original publication

DOI

10.1210/endrev/bnac026

Type

Journal article

Journal

Endocr Rev

Publication Date

03/11/2022

Keywords

DOTA based imaging, Fibroblast growth factor, burosumab, fracture, osteomalacia, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors