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The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid tumors in association with ossifying fibromas of the maxilla and/or mandible. The gene responsible for HPT-JT, known as CDC73, was identified in 2002 and encodes a 531 amino acid protein known as parafibromin. Parafibromin is predominantly a nuclear protein that interacts directly with beta-catenin and also forms part of the RNA polymerase associated factor-1 complex (Paf1C) that regulates transcription. Heterozygous germline CDC73 mutations are detected in the majority of patients with HPT-JT, and the demonstration of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the CDC73 locus in tumors from affected individuals is consistent with a tumor suppressor role. Somatic CDC73 mutations are a frequent finding in nonfamilial (i.e., sporadic) parathyroid carcinomas and have also been reported in benign sporadic parathyroid tumors as well as sporadic renal and fibro-osseous jaw tumors. To date, 111 independent CDC73 mutations have been identified (68 germline; 38 somatic; 5 undefined), and these occur throughout the coding region and splice sites of the CDC73 gene, with the majority (>80%) predicting premature truncation of the parafibromin protein. These CDC73 mutations, together with their clinical and biological relevance, are reviewed.

Original publication

DOI

10.1002/humu.21188

Type

Journal article

Journal

Hum Mutat

Publication Date

03/2010

Volume

31

Pages

295 - 307

Keywords

Amino Acid Sequence, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Hyperparathyroidism, Mandible, Maxilla, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Parathyroid Neoplasms, RNA Polymerase II, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Syndrome, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, beta Catenin