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The vertebrate neural crest migrates from its origin, the neural plate border, to form diverse derivatives. We previously hypothesized that a neural crest gene regulatory network (NC-GRN) guides neural crest formation. Here, we investigate when during evolution this hypothetical network emerged by analyzing neural crest formation in lamprey, a basal extant vertebrate. We identify 50 NC-GRN homologs and use morpholinos to demonstrate a critical role for eight transcriptional regulators. The results reveal conservation in deployment of upstream factors, suggesting that proximal portions of the network arose early in vertebrate evolution and have been conserved for >500 million years. We found biphasic expression of neural crest specifiers and differences in deployment of some specifiers and effectors expected to confer species-specific properties. By testing the collective expression and function of neural crest genes in a single, basal vertebrate, we reveal the ground state of the NC-GRN and resolve ambiguities between model organisms.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.devcel.2007.08.005

Type

Journal article

Journal

Dev Cell

Publication Date

09/2007

Volume

13

Pages

405 - 420

Keywords

Animals, DNA, Complementary, Evolution, Molecular, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, Fluorescent Dyes, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Library, In Situ Hybridization, Lampreys, Models, Biological, Neural Crest, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors