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Glucocorticoid excess increases fat mass, preferentially within omental depots; yet circulating cortisol concentrations are normal in most patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). At a pre-receptor level, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) activates cortisol from cortisone locally within adipose tissue, and inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 in liver and adipose tissue has been proposed as a novel therapy to treat MS by reducing hepatic glucose output and adiposity. Using a transformed human subcutaneous preadipocyte cell line (Chub-S7) and human primary preadipocytes, we have defined the role of glucocorticoids and 11beta-HSD1 in regulating adipose tissue differentiation. Human cells were differentiated with 1.0 microM cortisol (F), or cortisone (E) with or without 100 nM of a highly selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor PF-877423. 11beta-HSD1 mRNA expression increased across adipocyte differentiation (P<0.001, n=4), which was paralleled by an increase in 11beta-HSD1 oxo-reductase activity (from nil on day 0 to 5.9+/-1.9 pmol/mg per h on day 16, P<0.01, n=7). Cortisone enhanced adipocyte differentiation; fatty acid-binding protein 4 expression increased 312-fold (P<0.001) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 47-fold (P<0.001) versus controls. This was abolished by co-incubation with PF-877423. In addition, cellular lipid content decreased significantly. These findings were confirmed in the primary cultures of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. The increase in 11beta-HSD1 mRNA expression and activity is essential for the induction of human adipogenesis. Blocking adipogenesis with a novel and specific 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor may represent a novel approach to treat obesity in patients with MS.

Original publication

DOI

10.1677/JOE-08-0050

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Endocrinol

Publication Date

05/2008

Volume

197

Pages

297 - 307

Keywords

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1, Adipogenesis, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Enzyme Inhibitors, Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Metabolic Syndrome, PPAR gamma, RNA, Messenger