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Naive T cell activation requires signaling by the T cell receptor and by nonclonotypic cell surface receptors. The most important costimulatory protein is the monovalent homodimer CD28, which interacts with CD80 and CD86 expressed on antigen-presenting cells. Here we present the crystal structure of a soluble form of CD28 in complex with the Fab fragment of a mitogenic antibody. Structural comparisons redefine the evolutionary relationships of CD28-related proteins, antigen receptors and adhesion molecules and account for the distinct ligand-binding and stoichiometric properties of CD28 and the related, inhibitory homodimer CTLA-4. Cryo-electron microscopy-based comparisons of complexes of CD28 with mitogenic and nonmitogenic antibodies place new constraints on models of antibody-induced receptor triggering. This work completes the initial structural characterization of the CD28-CTLA-4-CD80-CD86 signaling system.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ni1170

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nat Immunol

Publication Date

03/2005

Volume

6

Pages

271 - 279

Keywords

Abatacept, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, CD28 Antigens, Crystallography, Immunoconjugates, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments, Ligands, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Alignment