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Preterm birth accounts for over 15 million global births per year. Perinatal interventions introduced since the early 1980s, such as antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant, and invasive ventilation strategies, have dramatically improved survival of even the smallest, most vulnerable neonates. As a result, a new generation of preterm-born individuals has now reached early adulthood, and they are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To better understand the sequelae of preterm birth, cardiovascular follow-up studies in adolescents and young adults born preterm have focused on characterizing changes in cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary structure and function. Being born preterm associates with a reduced cardiac reserve and smaller left and right ventricular volumes, as well as decreased vascularity, increased vascular stiffness, and higher pressure of both the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. The purpose of this review is to present major epidemiological evidence linking preterm birth with cardiovascular disease; to discuss findings from clinical studies showing a long-term impact of preterm birth on cardiac remodeling, as well as the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems; to discuss differences across gestational ages; and to consider possible driving mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for reducing cardiovascular burden in individuals born preterm.

Original publication

DOI

10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15574

Type

Journal article

Journal

Hypertension

Publication Date

10/2020

Volume

76

Pages

1028 - 1037

Keywords

cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypertension, pulmonary, premature birth, vascular stiffness, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart, Humans, Hypertension, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Premature Birth, Risk Factors, Vascular Stiffness